Today I’m going to talk about a very important topic – the best interactive presentation ideas for students. That’s not something you hear about every day, is it? In fact, it’s probably not something you’ve ever heard or thought of before. For me, it was a big deal both as a student and as an employee at multiple companies over the years.
Technological Aid in Interactive Presentations
Although interactive presentations can be done without technology it is greatly aided with the adoption of tools designed to facilitate the learning process. For example, a quiz is given in the middle of the presentation. On one side, traditionally a teacher can write the quiz before the lesson starts, print out copies for all students, pass out the quiz, and collect answers. To provide feedback for the exercise the teacher will also need to grade and start a discussion on the results before moving on to the next topic. This process is time-consuming and restrictive.
With technological aid such as an interactive digital whiteboard or a classroom quizzing application on individual devices, the students and teacher can come up with the quiz questions on the spot. This digital quiz can be administrated wirelessly to all students and within seconds, the results can be shared with all participants to discuss. This greatly increases the spontaneity, variability, and class involvement of a simple quiz.
5 Interactive Presentations Ideas and Corresponding Technology Aids
1. Storytelling
The teacher does not have to be the only star. The glory of the presentation can go to all participants who have a story to tell. The main concepts can be discussed and students should be given time to come up with a personal example. This exercise helps students relate to the subject matter and getting to listen to other students’ examples will drive home the concepts further. The need for the teacher to plan extensive examples and be the only one talking during the presentation is reduced. Teachers can also judge by the stories shared how much the students are understanding.
Storytelling with technology: Many digital whiteboards have Cast and Throw functions that will allow students to work on their own examples on their devices and send this to the whiteboard when sharing. This allows students to quickly go up and share their stories without sending files by email, wires, or USBs.
2. Non-linear presentation
Presentations that do not follow a strict order but organically flow from topic to topic base on the audience’s feedback is a great way to engage participants. Once prepared the presenter can flow from one topic to the next by asking questions, polling, or receiving requests at the end of each key point. This allows the audience to ‘build’ their own presentation on what they want to hear not in a rigid manner as with traditional slide-based presentations.
Non-linear presentation with technology: There are non-linear presentation applications like Prezi which helps presenters build presentations on easy-to-customize templates. They offer a zoomable canvas (not slides) to help people share knowledge, stories and inspire audiences to act. The canvas shows relationships between points and offers a recommended flow but not a set path to follow.
3. Polls, surveys, and quizzes
One of the most recognizable and used tools in the classroom to get a fast reaction from students are polls, surveys & quizzes. For Polls, simple questions that have limited answers are used to gather a consensus. This could be in the form of a raise of hands, ballots, or having students form groups. Surveys would require printed paper with multiple choices, scales, or short answers to gather opinions. Quizzes are used to quickly test a student’s knowledge of what was just covered so the class can identify weak areas and crystalize main concepts.
Polls, surveys, and quizzes can be anonymous or not. By openly requiring students to share their ideas on results such as a debate or open discussion would increase the interactives of the activity. Students can also be tasked to create questions and grade their own surveys and quizzes for an added layer of participation within the presentation.
Polls, surveys, and quizzes with technology: Many classroom management software such as Google Classroom has built-in tools to create polls, surveys, and quizzes along with assignments, communication, and other educational features. Once submitted the collection and grading is instantaneous. The results can be shared easily with the student both individually or as a group.
4. Games
What student of any age does not like a good game, contest, or competition? Adding a small game into a presentation breaks up the normal lecture format and gets the audience to think critically to help their team win. There are many versions and adaptions of basic educational games. Teachers can take games such as Pictionary, Jeopardy, Casino, and Bingo then adapt them to their needs.
Gamifying your interactive presentation: By integrating into the presentation links to applications like ClassCraft or Kahoot a teacher can quickly launch an interactive digital game. These applications help teachers tailor their own games by adding their questions, facts, and materials for individuals, small teams, or the whole class to participate.
5. Discussions and groups breakout sessions
Having the class only listen to a lecture is the death of any interactive presentation. By adding sections where students can have an open discussion or breakout sessions can help students learn from each other, share insights, and have an opportunity to ask questions to their peers. It is also an opportunity for the teacher to take a break from talking and help small groups or students individually as the rest of the class converse.
Taking the discussion online for interactive presentations: Live discussion applications like NowComment allow students to markup and discuss a text in real-time which is great for peer-review activates and gather student input into one place quickly. Alternatively, Yo Tech is great for teachers to create and moderate real-time chat rooms. Students can send text-like messages, reply to other messages, and share pictures and drawings. Online chat groups are a great way for large groups of student to collaborate and interact in one place while keeping the noise level down in a classroom.
Tips for Creating Interactive Presentations
Here are some tips when creating a presentation that has interactive components:
Reminders
Add in places within your lecture notes or presentation slides reminders for you to engage the audience. This could be a small image or phrase. When using digital whiteboards or other display technology you could also use a sound, empty slide, or pop-up link to prompt you to start.
Time Limits
It is great to keep going a good game or discussion in the class where everyone is really engaged. However, keep the maximum amount of time you can dedicate to these activities in mind. Have a watch or a timer on-hand and keep things moving. Give enough time for students to get engage without overdoing it. Spread out chances for students to talk and share. When it is time to move on to the next topic prepare a transition to the next part of the presentation.
Sharing
Think of ways to let all students have a chance to share. You can select students randomly or have them take turns in some kind of order. Remind students that this is a learning activity and not everyone will get it right the first time. The interactive activity should be open and inclusive. For students who are introverted have activities that can be done without going to the front of the class or involve public speaking.
Benefits of Having Interactive Components in Your Presentation
- Retention: Actively having students engage with the concepts of the presentation in different ways and hearing it from different people (besides the teacher) helps with long-term retention.
- Personalization: Students are given the choice of where the presentation is heading and participate in their own learning outcomes.
- Fun: Having a break from the routine, getting a chance to move around, developing teams, and sharing are all much better than sitting silently and taking notes.
- Feedback: Adding interactive activities into a presentation gives you instant feedback about students’ comprehension.
- Vocalization: Having students actually vocalize their ideas helps them internalize the concepts.
- Summarization: Students review and summarize their own main points while doing the activities so there is less need for repetition.
Warm up the audience with an interactive icebreaker
Signal to the audience that this will be an interactive presentation by opening with an easy icebreaker. Kick it off before your presentation starts, as people are finding their seats, to get everyone familiar with the ins and outs of Poll Everywhere in a low-stakes setting.
Doing so speeds up the time it takes to complete subsequent activities because the audience will expect them. They’re also more likely to engage with you on Poll Everywhere if they’re already comfortable with the process.
Icebreakers come in many styles, but one of the most popular among Poll Everywhere users is the word cloud. Choose a question that calls for a personal response – What’s your favorite food? – that everyone can answer.
Plant engaged audience members ahead of time
This isn’t as sneaky as it sounds.
Sometimes all it takes is a few engaged people in the audience to get the discussion flowing, and give other people the courage to contribute. But what if you can’t count on your attendees to speak up on their own?
Ahead of your presentation, ask a few audience members who you already know and trust to pose specific questions during your presentation.
Maybe you want them to chime in with an easy “gimme” to kick things off and encourage that level of engagement. Or, maybe you want your designated attendee to ask a question that everybody else may be too afraid to ask (i.e. “How do we know we can trust this data?”).
This strategy won’t be necessary for every presentation. But when you’re worried that your request for questions will be met with lowered heads and shifting glances, this is an effective way to get the ball rolling.
Read more: From classroom to boardroom: A high school teacher’s presentation tips
Repeatedly ask questions to build involvement
You can’t expect your audience to engage and interact with you if you don’t give them an opportunity. So, make sure to have plenty of spots throughout your presentation where you can pause and ask a question.
This doesn’t need to be a threatening, pop quiz-style way to scare your audience into paying attention. Even the simplest questions can make people feel a little more involved in what you’re presenting. Think of things like:
- Have you heard of this before?
- Can you read what’s on that slide for me?
- Does anybody know where/what [thing] is?
They’re straightforward questions that require a one-word answer or super easy response, yet they do the job of reminding your audience that you’re talking with them – and not just at them.
Get people moving and out of their seats
It’s time to get your audience’s blood pumping. No, you don’t need to have them do jumping jacks or pushups, but think of some creative ways that you can get them moving around a little bit.
It could be something as simple as asking people to stand up, rather than requesting a show of hands. Or, you could think of some ways to incorporate movement with the content of your presentation. For example, have them walk up and introduce themselves to somebody new to implement the elevator pitch techniques you just taught them.
Give some thought to the different ways you could get your audience out of their seats at a few different points throughout your presentation. If nothing else, you can rest assured that they’re awake.
Read more: 8 interactive presentation games for large teams
Use interactive questions to assess the audience
If you want to know if the audience really understands what you’re presenting, ask.
Christopher Robertson, who teaches at University of Arizona’s James. E. Rogers College of Law, uses Poll Everywhere to identify and resolve any misunderstandings his students have about the complexities of law.
“Law students can easily go an entire semester passively attending class and both the professor and student discover on the final exam that they have not grasped the concepts covered in class,” said Robertson.
I find polling in class encourages active student participation and uncovers misunderstanding of how to apply the law that warrant a second look.
Taking time to test the audience this way gives them a chance to reflect on what you told them, and apply that knowledge on the spot. This can improve the chances they’ll remember that information after your presentation ends.
Enable anonymity to encourage candid feedback
Dr. Mark, physician and author of The Productive Physician, uses anonymous polling in his medical classes. He cites how this extra layer of security helps put students’ minds at ease, and lets them focus on the lesson instead of worrying about scrutiny from their peers.
“Poll Everywhere allows both anonymous and signed-in polling,” explained Dr. Mark, “but I prefer to use the anonymous mode as I feel it increases learner psychological safety: my students might be more inclined to test their knowledge without the fear of being seen to be wrong in front of their peers.”
You can enable anonymity for all Poll Everywhere activity types. The audience responds from the privacy of their phones – not in front of their peers – giving everyone an equal opportunity to make their voice heard.
Split your audience into smaller discussion groups
There’s nothing worse than explicitly asking your audience to engage with you and being met with only crickets and blank stares.
But, here’s the thing: Not everybody is comfortable speaking up in front of a crowd.
For that reason, it can be smart to divide your audience into smaller groups to discuss something relevant to your presentation topic – even if it’s just for five minutes.
If you want the whole audience to come back together and share what they learned during those conversations, it’s likely that a spokesperson will naturally arise from each group; meaning the people who aren’t comfortable chiming in on a large scale don’t have to.
The best thing about this strategy? The previously-reserved attendees will have a little more confidence to speak up when they know the rest of their group is there to jump in if needed.
Encourage questions throughout your presentation
It’s natural to want your audience to hold on to all of their questions until a Q&A portion at the conclusion of your talk. However, that’s pretty much the exact opposite of an interactive presentation.
Instead, be upfront at the beginning of your presentation that you want people to chime in with thoughts or questions, rather than biting their tongue until the very end. Of course, you’ll need to be willing to step in and get things back on track if a question steers the conversation too far off course.
If you don’t want the interruptions, find a way for people to submit questions asynchronously, such as in a chat window or shared document. You can respond to those submissions at your own pace throughout the presentation.
Either way, encouraging people to contribute to the topic in real-time is far more interactive and engaging than forcing them to sit and wait until the end.
Let the audience decide what’s next
Presentations don’t always need to flow in a straight line. With a quick question, you can empower your audience and let them decide what to learn about next.
Poll Everywhere’s own Katie Wilson gave a webinar on this very topic. In it, she explained how corporate trainers use polling to create choose-your-own-adventure style presentations.
Present your audience with a multiple choice activity, and let their votes determine which topic you tackle next. In Katie’s example, a corporate trainer is asking about how best to respond to a customer complaint.
Three options are available, and the audience votes on which one they think is most appropriate. Once the results are in, the presenter navigates to the slide associated with that option and discusses the results.
Use surveys to extend interaction after your presentation ends
Audience interaction doesn’t have to end with the presentation.
Jez Wiles, lecturer at the London College of Music, continues the conversation with his students both before and after his lectures with online questionnaires.
“Getting [students] to use a survey as a post-class reflective tool, or pre-lecture poll to find out what they know about something…this has all extended the use of [Poll Everywhere] for me, and boosted engagement,” said Wiles.
Poll Everywhere surveys can include any type of activity – from multiple choice to open-ended – and can be completed asynchronously at the audience’s own pace. This is a great way to help reinforce the topics of your presentation, or to collect audience feedback on the presentation itself.
I like the sense of fun Poll Everywhere naturally brings. I always find engagement goes up when I use it.
These are just some of the ways the Poll Everywhere community uses live audience engagement to drive interactive presentations. Each of these ideas is a type of cut you can use to keep your audience alert and engaged with what you’re saying.
Try these Interactive Presentation Ideas for Amazing Events:
1. Host an “Ask Me Anything” session.
Though it’s been around for a while, it wasn’t until Reddit forums hit the mainstream that “Ask Me Anything” became a well-known Q&A format. Often used on internet forums like Reddit, AMA brings a level of fluidity that allows the content to align with the expectation of the audience — after all, the audience is in control. Because just as the name indicates, the format gives an audience a chance to pose any question they might have of an expert, celebrity, or other person of interest
A session may or may not have a moderator to filter questions. Or, in some cases, questions are sourced in advance, allowing the speaker to be selective.
Why It Works for Live Presentations
- AMA solves for an all-too-real truth – Presentations don’t always align perfectly with what the audience wants to hear.
- It’s a win for the audience and the speaker – AMA means that a speaker doesn’t need to prepare as much, so long as they are well-versed in the specific topic area already.
- It draws in crowds – The level of personalization in an AMA session appeals to attendees who want a more fluid event agenda that they have a say in
Hubspot’s Inbound 2018 Put AMA in the “Spotlight”
In 2018, Hubspot hosted an AMA with Linkedin founder Reid Hoffman and coveted startup adviser Chris Yeh at their annual conference, Inbound. The combination of forces allowed the two speakers to tackle questions together and build off of one another’s answers, creating a unique AMA experience that engaged the audience by providing multiple perspectives.
https://www.youtube.com/embed/wlM4pRCjfns?feature=oembed70% of conference planners say they are seeing a shift in the presentation formats that attendees prefer.click to tweet
2. Get off the stage (and into the audience).
Great presenters aren’t afraid to challenge the norms of speaking, like, say, adherence to the boundaries of the stage. That’s right: We’re talking about getting off the stage and interacting with the crowd. And when speakers aren’t afraid to get down into the crowd and engage directly with the audience, their delivery resonates all that much more. Trust us, it’s not just a move for musicians and talk show hosts.
Why It Works for Live Presentations
- Relatability – When speakers leave the stage, they symbolically leave their place in the hierarchy of the presentation, making them more relatable to the audience.
- Excitability – When norms are challenged and something out of the ordinary happens, humans can’t help but snap to attention.
- Connection – Directly interacting with members of the crowd makes the rest of the audience engage as well.
Apollo Robbins pickpockets the crowd at TED conference.
Now we’re not saying that robbing attendees in broad daylight is the move for every speaker, but Apollo Robbins may be the one exception. Hailed as the greatest pickpocketer in the world, Apollo took his talents into the crowd during his TED talk, giving attendees some “hands on” examples of some of the flaws in human perception that allow him to do his work.
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3. Engage the audience by getting them moving.
We’ve all been there: awkwardly shuffling around, trying to pair up with someone for a partner activity prompted by a presenter. Then, when we finally find one, there’s not enough time to thaw the ice. And ultimately we often walk away without any meaningful engagement. So how can presenters ask the audience to interact with one another in ways that break the ice to begin with? It all starts by giving participants an activity that loosens them up and gets them moving.
Why It Works for Live Sessions
- It’s less awkward – When people are already moving in ways that don’t feel off putting, connections feel more organic.
- Inertia – An object in motion tends to stay in motion, and getting attendees moving and out of their safe space is often most of the battle.
- Energy – When people are moving, their energy is higher and they’re more likely to engage with the content.
MPI makes movement happen with a “snowball fight.”
Prior to the 2016 iteration of the event, attendees of the MPI (Meeting Planners International) European Meetings and Events Conference had viewed conference sessions as tame and traditional. But 400 international delegates found those expectations turned upside down when they were coerced out of their seats and into a “snowball fight” during a presentation by the Danish chapter of MPI.
Each participant wrote industry-relevant questions on pieces of paper, scrunched them up, and then were asked to throw them at one another like a good old fashioned snowball fight. Afterwards, snowballs were picked up and the questions written inside were discussed in small groups who were lively and animated due to the excitement that preceded. (It’s by far one of our favorite event concepts!)
4. Ditch the slides and photos for augmented reality.
What could be more engaging than ditching the boring everyday slides for a 3D representation of the topic at hand? Augmented reality is becoming more commonplace in our lives, and slowly but surely, it’s working its way into live events. Now, of all of these interactive presentation ideas, this one is probably the hardest to implement due to event budgets and tech demand. But we’re including it anyway because it’s an exciting look at where the future of presentations is headed.
Why It Works for Live Sessions
- Visual engagement – An augmented reality representation is such a spectacle that it demands all eyes on it.
- Newness – Augmented reality is still far from commonplace is presentations, making it a novelty that won’t be getting old anytime soon.
- Interactivity – It’s one thing for a speaker to point at an image or slide on the screen, but it’s a whole different ball game when they can walk right up to (almost) the real thing and engage with it directly.
Dongfeng Nissan used AR to unveil their new car model.
At the launch of a new Dongfeng Nissan automobile in China, the manufacturer teamed up with RTT to create an augmented reality presentation that exceeded expectations in terms of form and quality. A virtual image of the car was projected onto the stage and seamlessly orchestrated with the presenter’s movements to make it seem as though he was interacting with the car in real life.
https://www.youtube.com/embed/4waXNjto2uc?feature=oembed
“A conventional product presentation is no longer enough to communicate all core messages and USPs of a product in an emotionally-charged, memorable way. That’s why we joined forces with RTT and used AR technology for the first time at a launch presentation. The results exceeded our wildest dreams.” -Jason Yang, Vice President Sales & Marketing, Dongfeng Nissan Passenger Vehicle Company
5. Gamify the presentation to get audience insights in real time.
Audience participation is key to keeping attendees engaged. Luckily, with audience interaction technology like live polling, participation is in the palm of every attendee’s hand. Speakers can use live polling to glean audience insights throughout the presentation, prepping each topic with questions, following up with polling results, and then either challenging or confirming those results with the material that follows.
Why It Works for Live Sessions
- Gamification – A whopping 80% of learners say they are more likely to be productive if the work is more game-like.
- Challenging expectations – Often, when speakers are able to shatter expectations with their speech, it wins over the audience. (In this case, those expectations are set in real-time by the audience themselves.)
- Competition – Posing questions and revealing answers makes people participate because of the basic human tendency to want to be correct.
Slido used its own technology to deliver a killer session.
In a session on the customer journey, Slido speaker Martina used the app’s live polling functionality to quiz the audience. After the votes were in (which the audience could see on the screen), she gave the audience the correct answer. It was the perfect blend of competition and context needed to captivate the audience.
6. Play with length and structure.
Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea weighs in at 127 pages cover to cover. Tolstoy’s War and Peace is a girthy 1,225. The point? Both are great works of literature, and not just because of their length.
In much the same way, a presentation isn’t the product of the amount of slides that are presented or words that are spoken. In fact, one of the most engaging things a presenter can do is play with both the length and the structure of the presentation to defy norms and make their content stand out. We’d even go so far as to say, the shorter, the better — as long as you get your point across.
Why It Works for Live Sessions
- Short Attention Spans – According to a study by Microsoft, the human attention span has dropped to eight seconds.
- Keeping it fresh – Changing the expected structure of a presentation gives the audience more reason to pay attention. (Sort of like movies where the scenes are out of order.)
- Prioritization – Keeping it short means you have to prioritize speaking points and boil it down to the key takeaways.
PechaKucha presentations break the mold.
20 slides. 20 seconds of commentary per slide. That’s a PechaKucha presentation in a nutshell. Now famous worldwide, the format is celebrated for the manner in which it forces speakers to stretch their creativity to deliver key points with concision and clarity. In fact, many businesses have adopted it as a means of peer-to-peer communication.
7. Do a fireside chat for your interactive presentation.
A fireside chat is an informal conversation between a moderator and her guest. The term was actually first used to describe a series of 30 evening radio addresses by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944.
Since then, the concept evolved from one-way addresses to two-way debates. It was popularized by tech startup community events, such as Startup Grind, TechFire, or the SaaStr Conference.
To pull off a successful fireside chat, invite an expert who is confident with addressing a whole range of questions and a skilled moderator who can lead an engaging discussion. Since one of the objectives is to involve delegates in the discussion, many fireside chats use audience interaction tools to crowd-source questions from the audience. To learn more, check out this article on how to organize fireside chats.
8. Tech-powered panel discussions are great interactive presentations for events.
Panel discussions usually have a weak reputation among delegates. But with a meaningful use of technology and a few moderation tricks, they can be a whole new story. The key to making your panels truly interactive is to involve your audience early, ideally “within the first five minutes” as Scott Kirsner, a seasoned panel moderator, proposed.
To maximize the effectiveness of the discussion, crowd-source the audience questions with live interaction technology (such as Slido). Next, let people upvote the topics they want to hear discussed. You can even go the extra mile and pre-load a number of questions yourself to kick-off the conversation and lead the way.
From our experience, many delegates then jump on the bandwagon and submit their own questions. If you’re interested in the topic, here are four case studies of some great panels.
9. Unconferences are a clever event presentation idea that’s interactive.
Invented by the Silicon Valley techies as an alternative to conventional conferences, unconferences are participant-driven meetings. They truly put the reins into the hands of participants.
You won’t have an agenda for an unconference. The agenda is created by the participants at the beginning of the meeting. It revolves around the overarching theme announced by a facilitator, and it adapts to your specific attendees’ interests that day.
The content is attendee-driven. The facilitator crowd-sources the topics from the audience, consolidates them, and then your attendees form discussion groups.
Unconferences are typically designed with open discussions rather than a presentation by a single speaker. In a nutshell, the intention of the unconference is to tap into the wisdom of the crowd rather than rely on a sage on the stage.78% of millennials would rather spend money on live experience than physical goods.click to tweet
10. Quiz-enhanced presentations are interactive ways to impress event audiences.
Live polls are not only great for measuring attendee comprehension of your speakers. It’s also for keeping the audience energized during traditionally longer interactive presentations, like at medical conferences.
MIMS Clinical Update Conference in London came up with a brilliant idea. Instead of letting their presenters—general practitioners—just broadcast their learnings, they used live polls to allow participants to actively engage with the presented information.
The medical experts presented a series of pictures with patient conditions and introduced potential remedies. After this introduction, the experts showed audience members photos of medical cases and asked people to choose the best treatment via live polls. The speakers then analyzed results and provided further advice on how to treat the illnesses.
11. Live barometer is another idea for creating an event interactive presentation
Live barometer, also called body voting, is a great way to get people moving and interacting with each other while also gauging their opinion on the topic of your session. A presenter introduces a statement or a challenge. For instance: Women are better leaders than men.
Attendees then move physically to the left or right side of the room based on whether they are for or against the argument. On each side, the distance from the center expresses how much they agree or disagree with the given statement.
A facilitator can then initiate a discussion by encouraging people on both sides to share their views and advice. As the debate progresses, he or she can ask participants if their opinion has changed. They can stay on the same spot, move closer to the center or completely switch sides.
12. Speed networking is a helpful interactive event component
While we allocate ample resources to bringing in inspiring speakers, we frequently overlook the networking part. 75% of the delegates mark networking as one of their main attendance drivers.
If you facilitate them well, speed networking can bring immense value to your conference’s delegates. Primarily, the practice involves multiple people that gather in a single space in order to exchange information. Participants greet each other in a series of brief exchanges during a set period of time.
The sessions start with the ring of a bell that announces the first round. Rounds usually last three to five minutes, but you can easily extend their duration based on your audience. Once the time is up, the facilitator rings a bell to call for the next round of meetings.
Now You Can Bring the Best Interactive Event Presentation Ideas to Life!
A successful event presentation isn’t judged by the same standards as it was even just a decade ago. And as technology and the way we consume information continue to evolve, so too will the expectations around sessions and the special sauce that makes them great. Luckily, with these six interactive presentation ideas in hand, you’ll have the toolkit you need to deliver an impactful experience your audience won’t soon forget.
Which interactive presentation ideas are part of your agenda? Leave a comment on Twitter @socialtables.
Up next, learn more about how to create the best event seating plan, and get ideas for the best event and meeting icebreakers.
Conclusion
Everyone is looking for cool practical content to present, but thanks to lack of time or writer’s block, students are having a difficult time doing so. It is essential for students to be able to create their own content by using resources around them. Therefore, this list of ideas will help students in creating an audience-focused presentation that they can use to express their learning.