There are many programming languages that are being used for web development. This is because there are different kinds of websites in the world. For instance, one can create a personal website, a business website, an ecommerce site, or sell software software.
Web development is also very broad in terms of process. You don’t have to master one programming language in order to learn another one. Programming languages are important when you are building websites online.
Go programming language
Go, also known as Golang, is a programming language built by Google. Go provides excellent support for multithreading and so, it is being used by a lot of companies that rely heavily on distributed systems. Go is widely used in startups in Silicon Valley. However, it is yet to be adopted by Indian companies/startups. Those who wish to join a Valley-based startup specializing in core systems should master Golang.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Moderate! 2.5 out of 5. [Best Golang tutorials]
Pros:
- Backed by Google
- Being a statically-typed language makes it more secure
- Cleaner syntax makes it easier to learn
- Comprehensive standard library offering a range of inbuilt functions for working with primitive types
- Ideal for building SPAs (single-page applications)
- Smart documentation
- Very fast as it is compiled to machine code
Cons:
- Absence of a virtual machine makes complex programs less efficient
- Implicit interfaces
- Lacks versatility
- No GUI library
- Underprivileged library support
JavaScript
JavaScript is the “frontend” programming language. JavaScript is widely used to design interactive frontend applications. For instance, when you click on a button which opens up a popup, the logic is implemented via JavaScript.
These days, many organizations, particularly startups, are using NodeJS which is a JavaScript-based run-time environment. Node.js lets developers use JavaScript for server-side scripting—running scripts server-side to produce dynamic web page content before the page is sent to the user’s web browser. Hence now with JS, you can use a single programming language for server-side and client-side scripts. If you are looking for that cool tech job at your favorite startup, you should seriously consider learning JavaScript.
Difficulty level: Easy to learn. 4.5 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 5 out of 5. [Best JavaScript tutorials and courses]
Pros:https://7a9ab8d3bdc05024e1ba39a63434e810.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
- Client-side JavaScript is very fast. It runs immediately within the web browser as there is no compilation requirement
- Gives a richer interface to a website
- Highly versatile
- It is the programming language of the web
- Reduced website server demand by virtue of being client-side
- Regular updates via the ECMA specification
- Several add-ons, such as Greasemonkey, for extending the functionality
- Simplistic implementation
- Plenty of resources and a mammoth community support
- Used for building a diverse range of applications
- Works exceptionally well with other programming languages
Cons:
- Absence of copy or equivalent method
- Allows only single inheritance
- As the code executes on the user machine, many people choose to disable JavaScript due to the fear of being exploited for a malicious intent
- Might be interpreted differently by different browsers
C/C++
C/C++ is like the bread and butter of programming. Almost all low-level systems such as operating systems, file systems, etc are written in C/C++. If you wish to be a system-level programmer, C/C++ is the language you should learn. C++ is also widely used by competitive programmers owing to the fact that it is extremely fast and stable. C++ also provides something called STL – Standard Template Library. STL is a pool of ready-to-use libraries for various data structures, arithmetic operations, and algorithms. The library support and speed of the language make it a popular choice in the High-frequency trading community as well.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Moderate! 3.5 out of 5.
Pros:
- A galore of compilers and libraries to work with [C++]
- Eases accessing blocked or hidden objects by other programming languages [C]
- Faster execution of programs than most programming languages [C/C++]
- Forms the basis for understanding more complex programming languages [C/C++]
- Language of choice for multi-device, multi-platform app development [C++]
- Offers a great degree of portability [C]
- Procedure-oriented language with a group of function modules and blocks. These make debugging, testing, and maintaining the programs easier [C]
- Programs are more efficient and easy to understand [C/C++]
- Rich function library [C++]
- Runs close to the system hardware and hence, offers a low level of abstraction [C/C++]
- Support exception handling and function overloading [C++]
- Wide variety of application domains, such as games, GUI applications, and real-time mathematical simulations [C++]
Cons:
- Complex syntax [C/C++]
- Doesn’t support program namespace [C]
- Incapable of solving modern, real-world programming challenges [C]
- Less efficient object-oriented system compared to other OOP-based programming languages [C++]
- Need to manually create the high-level constructs [C]
- No garbage collection or dynamic memory allocation [C/C++]
- No run-time checking [C/C++]
- No strict type checking [C]
- Not an easy first-choice for learning programming [C/C++]
- Plagued by the issues of buffer overflow and memory corruption [C/C++]
- Smaller standard library [C]
R
R programming language is one of the most commonly used programming languages for Data Analysis and Machine Learning. R provides an excellent framework and built-in libraries to develop powerful Machine Learning algorithms. R is also used for general statistical computing as well as graphics. R has been well adopted by enterprises. Those who wish to join “Analytics” team of a large organization should definitely learn R.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 4 out of 5. [Best R tutorials]
Pros:
- Ability to run seamlessly on various operations systems
- Active, mushrooming community
- Being open-source and free grants the ability to make tweaks as per the requirements
- Comprehensive statistical analysis language
- Highly extensible
- Powerful package ecosystem
Cons:
- Lacks security features
- No strict programming guidelines
- Poor memory management
- Quality of some packages is subpar
Swift
Swift is the programming language that is used to develop iOS applications. iOS-based devices are becoming increasingly popular. Apple iPhone, for instance, has captured a significant market share and is giving a tough competition to Android. Therefore, those who want to serve this community can learn Swift programming.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3.5 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 4 out of 5. [Best Swift tutorials]https://7a9ab8d3bdc05024e1ba39a63434e810.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
Pros:
- Automatic memory management prevents memory leaks
- Backed by Apple
- Better scalability allows easily adding functionalities to the product and/or bringing in additional developers
- Easy to add new features
- Encourages developers to write clean and readable code
- English-like syntax makes it highly readable
- Interoperable with Objective-C
- It is possible to integrate Server-side Swift with any technology
- Makes code sharing better and development process faster when used for both frontend and backend development
- Very fast as compared to other popular programming languages, such as Objective-C and Python
Cons:
- Limited community support and resources
- Somewhat unstable due to being a relatively new arrival on the programming scene
- No support for legacy projects; can be used only for iOS7 or later apps
PHP
PHP is among the most popular backend programming language. Though PHP is facing tough competition from Python and JavaScript, the market still needs a large number of PHP developers. Those who wish to join a reasonably well old organization as a backend developer should aim to learn PHP programming.
Difficulty level: Easy to learn. 4.5 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 4.5 out of 5. [Best PHP tutorials and courses]
Pros:
- Abundance of powerful frameworks
- Easy to get started for making web pages
- First-class debugging with Xdebug
- Gigantic community support and a huge ecosystem
- Lots of automation tools for testing and deploying applications
- No scarcity of good automation tools for deployment and testing
- Supports object-oriented and functional programming paradigms
Cons:
- Developing websites completely in PHP is slower as compared to using other options
- Lacks in terms of security
- Poor error handling
- Requires extensions to a greater extent
C#
C# is a general-purpose programming language developed by Microsoft. C# is widely used for backend programming, building games (using Unity), building Window mobile phone apps and lots of other use cases.
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3.5 out of 5.
Job opportunity: 2.5 out of 5. [Best C# tutorials and courses]
Pros:
- As pointer types aren’t permitted, much safer than C and C++
- Ability to work with shared codebases
- Automatic scalable and updateable
- Component-oriented, object-oriented programming language
- Follows a syntax similar to the C programming language
- Fully integrated with the .NET library
- Ideal for all types of Windows development
- Rich sets of library functions and data types
- Supports type safety
- Quick compilation and execution times
Cons:
- Allows pointers in ‘unsafe’ blocks
- Almost all variables are references and memory deallocation is implicit using a garbage collector
- Offers less flexibility than C++
- Requires decent effort and time to learn
- Resolving errors requires serious expertise and knowledge
MATLAB
MATLAB is a statistical analysis tool that is used in various industries for Data Analysis. MATLAB is used widely in the Computer Vision and Image processing industry as well.https://7a9ab8d3bdc05024e1ba39a63434e810.safeframe.googlesyndication.com/safeframe/1-0-38/html/container.html
Difficulty level: Easy to moderate to learn. 3 out of 5.
Job opportunity: Huge! 4 out of 5. [Best MATLAB tutorials and courses]
Pros:
- Eases developing scientific simulation thanks to a rich inbuilt library
- Functionality can be extended greatly by adding toolboxes
- High coding efficiency and productivity as it doesn’t require a compiler for execution
- Ideal for developing scientific research applications
- Matlab Coder allows converting code for using in other programming languages, such as C++, Java, and Python
- Platform-independent
Cons:
- Not free to use, requires purchasing a license
- Not much application beyond the scope of numerical computing
- Dealing with errors generated during cross-compilation requires extensive knowledge and experience
- Slower due to being an interpreted programming language.
Conclusion
I chose programming as my hobby some time ago. I chose Python. After thirty days of studying Python, I was able to build some apps, websites, games that are cool to look at once or twice. Then I realized that my dream is to create the best applications that are perfect for people, not just cool to look at.